About a quarter of people with new type 1 diabetes have developed some degree of diabetic ketoacidosis (a type of metabolic acidosis which is caused by high concentrations of ketone bodies, formed by the breakdown of fatty acids and the deamination of amino acids) by the time the diabetes is recognized. The diagnosis of other types of diabetes is usually made in other ways. These include ordinary health screening; detection of hyperglycemia during other medical investigations; and secondary symptoms such as vision changes or unexplainable fatigue.
Diabetes is often detected when a person suffers a problem that is frequently caused by diabetes, such as a heart attack, stroke, neuropathy, poor wound healing or a foot ulcer, certain eye problems, certain fungal infections, or delivering a baby with macrosomia or hypoglycemia.
For the diagnosis diabetes, must be available at least twice a day increased blood sugar. It should be noted that the conditions for the various materials (capillary or venous blood, measured in plasma or whole blood), various limits. The measurement should be made promptly for blood collection.
It may come only quality-measurement systems. Glucose monitoring devices for blood glucose self-control may be used for diagnostic purposes can not be used. When serum glucose is due to the in-vitro glycolysis with the possibility of false low, but not false high to count readings.
Diabetes mellitus occurs when one has fulfilled the following criteria (in each case measured glucose in the blood plasma, venous):
* Fasting blood glucose ? 7 mmol / l (126 mg / dl)
* Blood glucose ? 11.2 mmol / l (200 mg / dl) two hours after administration of 75 g glucose, which is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
* Blood glucose ? 11.2 mmol / l (200 mg / dl) and other signs of diabetes, such as excessive thirst (polydipsia) and frequent urination (polyuria), or unexplained weight loss.
Patients with fasting glucose levels from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) are considered to have impaired fasting glucose. Patients with plasma glucose at or above 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L), but not over 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L), two hours after a 75 g oral glucose load are considered to have impaired glucose tolerance. Of these two pre-diabetic states, the latter in particular is a major risk factor for progression to full-blown diabetes mellitus as well as cardiovascular disease.
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